Hitler and Christianity

In the 1920s, a new social and political movement emerged in Germany. Its members were passionately devoted to their cause, and sought with unwavering zeal to impose their vision on the whole of society. In a short time they succeeded in gaining political power and implementing their “philosophy,” first on Germany, then on much of Europe. In so doing they achieved only destruction and misery.

Some people in America are fearful lest a phenomenon like Naziism will repeat itself here. They anxiously scan the horizon, looking for the next party of fanatic extremists to appear. They are especially concerned about the “religious right” (as opposed to the “anti-religious left”) because they mistakenly think Hitler came from there. Their paranoid fears of people like Jerry Falwell proved, not surprisingly, to be totally misguided.

I agree that we need to try and learn from the past. I agree that we need to be on the lookout for extremist movements that will destroy our democracy and bring catastrophe on our nation. I also agree that there is a real, present and growing danger, one that needs to be mightily opposed. Since my identification of that group will arouse disbelief in some and contempt or anger in others, I beg for a careful consideration of my reasoning. The group that I identify as a new Nazi-like movement that will, if successful, destroy (or help to destroy) American democracy is the homosexual rights movement.

Recognizing that there are other more easily identifiable threats – uncontrolled illegal immigration; Islamic extremism; Red China; the U.S. governments financial policies and its ever-expanding power – let us examine some significant similarities  between the homosexual rights activists and the Nazis. 

1. Both relied / rely on a Darwinian understanding of human origins to justify their beliefs.

To the Nazis, people were animals in a pitiless struggle for survival that rendered traditional ethics meaningless. To the gay rights activists, people are animals in a pursuit of gratification for which traditional ethics are meaningless. They are driven not to extremes of violence, but to extremes of indulging sexual appetites without reason or restraint. Like the Nazis, they point to animal behavior as justification for human behavior. If animals do it, then is “natural,” so we can do it too – and why not, if, as Darwin taught, we are only animals?

2. Both relied / rely on legal chicanery to frustrate the will of the majority and impose their views on others.

The Nazis never won a majority in a national election, but benefited from sympathetic courts in their years of struggle, and won the chancellorship by behind the scenes wheeling and dealing. Similarly, the gay rights activists know they stand no chance whatever of achieving their far-reaching goals by democratic means, so they seek to dishonestly force their will on the majority by trickery and legal manipulations. Like the Nazis, they have contempt for democracy and resent the very existence of people who contradict them.

3. Both groups accused / accuse others of doing what they did / do themselves.

The Nazis accused the Jews of being cruel, evil, aspiring to domination, stirring up wars, and destroying society, when it was the Nazis themselves who were guilty of those very things (needless to say, the Jews were innocent of such bizarre and fantastic accusations). Similarly, the gay rights people depict those who reject their agenda as being motivated by hate, fear, and ignorance, and of trying to deny people their rights, when in fact it is the opposite. It is the gays with their bitter and angry denunciations who are motivated by hatred, fear, and ignorance. I mean, hatred of normal people, hatred of ethics, and hatred of decency and morality; fear of truth, and of any light that would expose their false and miserable condition; and ignorance of healthy, normal, and decent living. And, they want to deny rights to people who do not want to conform to and cannot agree to the homosexual lifestyle. 

4. Both groups relied / rely on hysterical accusations, propaganda, and even violence to silence and demonize the opposition.

Nazi violence and intimidation (even before Hitler came to power in 1933) do not need to be documented – and it is now well-known that those who oppose the homosexual agenda too publicly are vulnerable to both verbal assault, damage to property, and disruption of meetings. Gay violence is still in its beginning phases, and we can confidently expect it to increase. “Tolerance” is for them only a weapon they use to disarm the opposition – not something they extend to those who are different from them

5. Both groups aspired / aspire to total domination.

Hitler aimed at complete control over everyone, and would tolerate no opposition. “Today Germany and tomorrow the world” was his goal and he worked tirelessly to achieve it. Similarly, the gay rights activists aspire to a complete and total domination of society, in which dissent, criticism, or unwillingness to conform will not be allowed. Their goal is a queer society and even “a queer planet,”[1] in which all gender barriers and traditional understandings of masculinity and femininity, home, marriage, and family, will be eliminated.

6. Both movements were / are socially destructive.

Just as a nation built on contempt for traditional ethics and relying only on  force, power, lies, and violence brought ruin and misery in the end, so also a society based on contempt for traditional ethics and seeking only the uncontrolled gratification of sexual lusts will fall apart, as ours has already begun to do.

7. Both Hitler and the homosexual activists (with their sisters and natural allies the radical feminists) recognized / recognize the importance of indoctrinating the children with their values.

Hence the public schools became / become a means not of educating children, but of indoctrinating and transforming them. The rights and wished of the parents were / are disregarded, and children became / become wards of the state, raised up in a false value system that is inimical to human happiness and societal health.

8. Both movements engaged / engage in bizarre theorizing that is totally void of any connection with reality.

“Heteronormativity . . . institutionalization of the patriarchy . . . the state is male, in that objectivity is its norm . . . androcentric bias . . . the liberation of all by abolishing existing social institutions”[2] – such stuff has as much intellectual validity as the pontifications of Nazi race theorists.

9. Both movements sought / seek to radically transform the human race, and introduce new values in a manner unheard of in all of human history.

A society in which all gender distinctions are eliminated holds as much promise and hope for humanity as a society in which the blond, blue-eyed Aryans are the masters.

10. Both movements played / play the victim card to win sympathy, disarm the opposition, and justify their own extremism.

Hitler liked to harp on the injustices Germany suffered as a result of the Versailles Treaty, and the “gays” like to present themselves as the victims of “oppression.” In fact, they can do whatever they like, and people in other parts of the world who really are oppressed would be delighted if they had all the freedoms now enjoyed by the homosexuals. The “oppression” that really bothers them is the awareness that many people see their activities as morally wrong. This disturbs their guilty consciences. In their hearts they know they are not healthy and not normal. Their solution to this problem is to stifle all reminders of opposing points of view.

11. Both movements pursued / are pursuing their false philosophies to the farthest possible extremes.

We are all familiar with the bizarre extent to which the Nazis lived out their perverted delusions – and the same tendency is now increasingly evident by those who do not know what masculinity and femininity are, and in fact hate and fear such distinctions. Women having their breasts cut off? Sex change operations? Unisex bathrooms? Gay bathhouses, where extremes of sexual experience are proclaimed as a legitimate “culture” or “lifestyle”? Demands that everyone be required to submit to the gay agenda? Glorification of even the sexual abuse of children as essential to freedom? All of this is only the beginning of a mad rush to chaos and destruction that will only end in the nation’s ruin (if other threats don’t get us first).

12. Both ideologies were / are hostile to traditional Christianity.

Once in power, Hitler used every available means to keep expressions of Christian belief out of society and confined to the sanctuaries. No expressions of belief that contradicted his sick ideology were allowed. The homosexuals have the same agenda. They know perfectly well that the teachings of the bible hinder their progress and they are now seeking to stifle the free expression of beliefs contrary to their own personal values. They don’t even know what “democracy” means – unless it be Chairman Mao’s “internal democracy,” democracy for those within the party only.

13. In spite of the fact that both Naziism and the gay rights movement were / are contrary to many plain biblical teachings, both found / are finding Christians, including pastors, “theologians,” and ecclesiastical dignitaries to support them.

There were “Christians” who claimed that National Socialism was compatible with their faith (after they had scrapped all of the Old Testament and almost all of the New); and in an identical fashion there are those today who argue that homosexuality is compatible with Christianity. There are now gay churches and gay pastors, just as there were Germanic churches and Germanic pastors who believed that it was their duty to follow Hitler faithfully.

None of these 13 points are invalidated by the response that “The Nazis persecuted gays!” The Nazis persecuted Communists as well, yet the many profound similarities between Hitler and Stalin, Naziism and Communism, have been commonly noted. Parenthetically, until Ernst Roehm became a political threat, Hitler had no trouble cooperating with him, in spite of the Roehm’s well-known and open homosexuality.

Much more could be said on these subjects. How have we reached a point where what was shameful a mere fifty years ago is now rapidly moving toward cultural dominance? What should our response be, if we are Christians who believe in the bible and want to base our lives upon it? As this entry is already quite long, perhaps I can address those questions separately at another time.

---

[1] David Horowitz, The Politics of Bad Faith: The Radical Assault on America’s Future (New York 1998), p. 157. Chapter 5 (“A Radical Holocaust”) is a masterful essay that should be read by anyone who has an interest in this topic (Horowitz’ perspective is very different from mine, and he does not make the Nazi-gay connection).

[2] Ibid., various pages.

The Jewish menace to civilization

It is necessary to look at some other ideas about the Jews expressed by Nietzsche in his book. For one thing, he stressed the racial toughness of the Jews: “Psychologically, the Jews are a people gifted with the very strongest vitality . . .” (24). The Jews have “the most profound national instinct, the most powerful national will to live, that has ever appeared on earth.” (27). Hitler had the same idea:

The mightiest counterpart to the Aryan is represented by the Jew. In hardly any people in the world is the instinct of self-preservation developed more strongly than in the so-called ‘chosen.’ Of this, the mere fact of the survival of this race may be considered the best proof. Where is the people which in the last two thousand years has been exposed to so slight changes of inner disposition, character, etc., as the Jewish people? What people, finally, has gone through greater upheavals than this one-and nevertheless issued from the mightiest catastrophes of mankind unchanged? What an infinitely tough will to live and preserve the species speaks from these facts! [Mein Kampf vol. I chapt. 11].

(more…)

Excerpt from Chapter 8

So much of National Socialism can be found in the Folkish movement that it is not surprising two major studies have located the origins of Hitler’s ideology there. Viereck’s Meta-politics: The Roots of the Nazi Mind focuses on the ideas of Wagner. Mosse’s The Crisis of German Ideology: Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich focuses on broader intellectual trends and currents of which Wagner was only a representative. Viereck spends more time elaborating on the Folkish roots in romanticism, especially in philosophy, while Mosse concentrates more on the spread of Folkish ideas through German society in the 19th and early 20th centuries-but in spite of their differences, both studies have a lot in common. Taken together, they provide a significant part of the explanation for Hitler.

Neither Mosse nor Viereck pay much attention to Darwin, and neither of their books lists Darwin in the index. Viereck makes only one passing reference to “social Darwinism,” the belief that the Darwinian law of survival-of-the-fittest applied to people as well as to animals. Mosse devotes a few pages to social Darwinism and recognizes its importance, but asserts the fundamental incompatibility between National Socialism and Darwinism proper. He claims that the Darwinian concept of the origins of man was not acceptable to Nazi race theorists.[i] Not only (in Mosse’s view) was such a humiliating ancestry unsuitable to a race of superior beings destined to rule; it also required a common origin of all races-another blow to the Aryan ego.

It might seem, then, that Darwinism as Darwin taught it is of little relevance to our study-and those who believe that Darwinism is true and beneficial will find no difficulty in detaching it from National Socialism, which was false and harmful. Apart from this basic presupposition, they have a number of other reasonable points to make against the idea of a Hitler-Darwin connection. (more…)

The failure to understand the dark reality of original sin has nullified from the outset the vast majority of attempts to come to grips with the evils of the Third Reich. People with no firm convictions concerning righteousness, holiness, sin, or evil wander in a maze when they try to understand these matters. They are certain that the Nazis were evil, but are unable to provide any convincing or coherent explanation of the delight in cruelty that is one of the most outstanding features of the Holocaust. A real explanation is possible within a biblical framework. For those who see human nature as basically good, Hitler will forever remain an insoluble riddle—as will many of life’s other problems.

For example, in Daniel Goldhagen’s book Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, a scholar who tries to understand these things without reference to that reality of God which alone gives meaning to ethics and moral standards lists conventional secular explanations for the cruelty of the Nazis.[i] Those who persecuted Jews were (a) coerced, forced to go along to avoid death or imprisonment; (b) blindly following orders with no moral sense; (c) conforming to peer pressure; (d) petty bureaucrats concerned only with their careers; (e) unaware of the big picture, committing individual acts without having a sense of the enormity of the whole. (more…)

Introduction

The present situation

Christianity is being attacked in America today as never before. On TV shows and in movies, in the news media, in academia, in best-selling books, etc., Christians are being increasingly portrayed as narrow-minded, intolerant, ignorant, hypocritical, and even evil. This goes beyond mere ridicule. The basic teachings of Christianity are being condemned to an extent previously unimagined in this country.

It is being increasingly said that Christianity has had a negative impact on America’s history and culture-not just because of abuses, but because of fundamental characteristics of the religion. It was the Christians, it is argued, who enslaved the blacks, exterminated the Indians, oppressed women, burdened people with guilt and denied them sexual freedom, and forced the gays to stay in the closet. (more…)

Index

9

95 Theses, Martin Luther, 67, 84

A

abortion, 41, 138, 176, 203, 379, 391, 392, 394, 449, 450

another holocaust, 451

Adams, John, 239, 240

Adolf Hitler:  The Making of a Fuhrer (Who was Responsible?), Walter S. Frank, 235, 324

Age of Reason, The, Thomas Paine, 431

Ahasuerus, 319

Al Qaeda, 442

American Eugenics Society

Case for Sterilization, 379

American Friends Service Committee, 221

Anthropologie, H. S. Chamberlain, 336

Antichrist:  Curse on Christianity, The, Friedrich Nietzsche, 399, 400, 403–4

anti-Semitism. See also Christian:anti-Semitism

Christian, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 209–13, 239

modern racial, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 88, 94, 97–100, 117, 152, See also German anti-Semitism

beginnings, 239, 250

not a biblical concept, 195, See also biblical teaching and the Jews

Archbishop of Canterbury, 183

Archbishop of Cologne, 62

Archbishop of Mainz, 62

Arndt, Ernst Moritz, 276

Aryan Christianity, 183, 289, 315, See also Germanic Christianity, See also Folkish Ideology

Aryan supremacy, 2, 10, 43, 94, 98, 117, 129, 138, 177, 187, 193, 214, 311, 321, 334, 357, 389, 438

Augustine, 56, 57, 359

Auschwitz, 20, 28, 42, 56, 262, 285, 384, 435

Austrian churches

Nazi policies towards, 121–22

Avrich, Paul, 232, 233

Russian Rebels:  1600-1800, 232

B

Barmen Declaration, 193–95

Bauer, F.C., 198

Bayreuth circle, 286, 321, 335, See also Wagner circle

dedicated to popularizing Wagner’s ideas, 321

Beer Hall Putsch, 75, 168

Behrens, Pastor Johann Gerhard, 175

Benedict XII, 62

Berlin Embassy, William Russell, 220

Bernhardi, General Friedrich von

war a biological necessity, 277

Bertram, Cardinal Adolf, 140, 150, 175, 189, 202, 208

Beyond Good and Evil, Friedrich Nietzsche, 410, 413, 416, 421

biblical concept of death, 373

biblical concept of evil

Holocaust not new in the context of, 231

Satan, 16–17

two pronged, 16

biblical concept of freedom, 275

biblical concept of government, 215–20, 266, 423, 436–38, See government:biblical concept of

biblical concept of man, 274

original sin, 19–22

biblical teaching and the Jews

Apostles, 64–65

Paul, 6, 14, 22, 23–26, 27, 29, 30–32, 32–33, 39, 40, 52, 54, 57, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72, 76, 82, 85, 86, 136, 141, 143, 155, 156, 177, 184, 197, 207, 209, 213, 216, 217, 286, 289, 290, 295, 348, 354, 360, 412, 413, 414–15, 417, 419, 424, 437

all humanity equally unable to earn God’s favor, 30–31

future redemption of the Jews, 62

guilty of the blood of the Lord by communing unworthily, 64

on being a Christian, 23–26

righteousness of God obtained through faith in Christ applies to all humanity, 31

servants of the Lord must be meek and gentle towards those who oppose, 66

shared Christ with those who attacked him, 64

though enemies of the gospel Jews are beloved, 32

went to synagogue after synagogue teaching of Christ and forgiveness of sins, 64

wicked people claiming to be Christian to be put out of the church, 27

New Testament, 32–33, 39, 41, 42

the crucifixion, 34, 35, 38, 39

Gentile culpability, 35, 38

Old Testament massacres, 45–47

Bishop Jean of Speyer, 62

Bishop of Bavaria, 208

Bishop of Trier, 62

Bismarck, Otto von, 104, 141, 144, 171, 292, 377, 412

Blavatski, Madame, 293

Blood Purge, 102, 105, 190, 198, 322

Bolotnikov, Ivan, 232, 233

Bolshevism, 89, 121, 141, 151, 182, 188, 196, 418, 436

Bondage of the Will, Martin Luther, 67

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 212, 213, 226

Boris III, King of Bulgaria, 221

Bormann, Martin, 22, 100, 105, 110, 123, 136, 141, 142, 175, 180, 181, 182, 184, 212, 386, 402, 425

Braune, Pastor, 176

Brownshirts. See SA (Sturmabteilung, storm troopers, Brownshirts)

Buch, Walter, 22, 118

Buechner, Ludwig, 273

Bulavin, Kondrati, 232

Bultmann, Rudolf, 199, 200, 355

Bungardt, K.M., 271

Bunyan, John

Pilgrim’s Progress, 266

C

Calvin, John, 437

Case for Sterilization, American Eugenics Society, 379

Catholic Centre Party, 113, 139, 169, 177

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 10, 81, 88, 101, 102, 150, 198, 248, 250, 258, 287, 289, 311, 319, 321, 334–60, 366, 368, 380, 390, 410, 411, 414, 422, 423, 430, 441

advocated purging Jewish influence from Christianity, 410

Anthropologie, 336

early member of Nazi party, 335

hailed as a prophet and founder of National Socialism, 335

Jewish historical understanding identical to Nietzsche, 410

obsessed with racial purity, 366

on Christ and the Bible, 350–60

on the Jews, 335–50

Race and Nation, 335

The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, 334, 335, See also Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, The,  Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Christian

anti-Semitism, 5, 17

medieval, 55, 56

concepts of the government, 58, 59

concepts of the Jews, 56–57

Augustine, 56–57

Bernard of Clairvaux, 56

Crusades. See Crusades

Gregory of Nyssa, 63

Hippolytus, 63

John Chrysostom, 63, 65, 66

Martin Luther, 66, 67, 144, See also Luther, Martin

moral doctrines, 59, 60

restraints against, 54, 56–61

Count Otto of Burgundy, 60

Emperor Frederic I, 61

Emperor Henry IV, 60

Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, 60

King Stephen of England, 60

Louis IX of France, 61

Louis VII of France, 61

Richard I of England, 61

William de Longchamp, 61

opposition to Hitler’s policies, 172–76

Bishop Dibelius, 184, 185

Cardinal Pacelli, 104

churches were only organizations to give sustained opposition, 195

Confessing Church. See Confessing Church

euthanasia

Bishop Galen, 175, See under Galen, Bishop

Bishop Preysing, 176

Bishop Theophil Wurm, 175

Cardinal Adolf Bertram, 175

Ernst Wilm, 176

Pastor Braune, 176, See under Braune, Pastor

German vs. non-German Christians, 221–22

lack of, 170, 178, 179, 190

Martin Niemoller, 144. See under Niemoller, Martin

Pastor Johann Gerhard Behrens, 175

Pastor Karl Friedrich Stellbrink, 175

Pastor Schneider, 185, 189, 224

Pastor von Jan of Oberlenningen, 173, 174

support of Hitler’s policies

coerced, 122

conventional secular explanations for, 20

Germanic Christianity, 198, See Germanic Christianity

what is a false?, 26–28

what is a?, 23–26, 155–57

the Church, 39

Christian German Movement, 196

Chronicle of Solomon bar Simson

insults Christianity, 71

Chrysostom, John, 7, 12, 53, 54, 56, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67

Church Ministry, 175, 206, 207

Church of Rome, 61, 63, 202–3

Archbishop of cologne, 62

Archbishop of Mainz, 62

Benedict XII, 62

Bernard of Clairvaux, 62

Bishop Jean of Seyer, 62

Bishop of Trier, 62

Henry VI, 60

Innocent III, 62

Innocent IV, 62

Joshua Trachtenberg, 62

opposition to Hitler’s policies

Bishop of Mainz, 202

Cardinal Pacelli, 104

Mit Brennender Sorge, 103

protests, 104, 124, 140

papal bulls, 62, 140

support of Hitler

Concordat, 103, See also under Concordat with the Vatican

Clairvaux, Bernard of, 56, 62

Class, Heinrich, 295

Cohen, Nick, 429, 442

What’s Left?, 442

Communism, 97, 110, 130, 197, 300, 308, 350, 425, 426, 427, 429, 443, 445

parallels with National Socialism, 427–29

Communist Party, 138, 164, 170, 204

concentration camps, 118, 122, 124, 125, 138, 144, 171, 172, 173, 188, 189, 195, 196, 427

Auschwitz. See under Auschwitz

Buchenwald, 125, 185, 189, 224

Sachsenhausen, 124, 144, 169, 185, 196

Concordat with the Vatican, 2, 8, 83, 103, 104, 121, 123, 139, 140, 141, 147, 184, 202, 203–4, 241

promised rights and security, 103

violated, 103–5, 140

Confessing Church. See also Prussian Union of the Confessing Church

Conway, Professor John, 2, 9, 12, 103, 104, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 133, 135, 140, 143, 146, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 188, 195, 196, 202, 211

The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933-1945, 2, 9, 103

Count Otto of Burgundy, 60

Crisis of German Ideology, The, Prof. Mosse, 2, 80, 230, 250, 288, 308, 362

Crusades, 7, 11, 18, 30, 43, 50, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62

Jewish death toll, 55

Crystal Night. See under Kristallnacht (Crystal Night)

D

d’Holbach, Baron, 239

Dachau, 124, 125, 144, 176, 205

Darwin, Charles, 2, 49, 98, 128, 138, 155, 201, 229, 252, 258, 282, 288, 362–80, 383, 390, 392, 393, 394, 421, 436

basic rule of life, 366

saw extermination of lesser developed races as natural, 364

The Descent of Man, 394

The Origin of Species, 364, 365

white race superior, 364

Darwinism, 10, 33, 49, 94, 95, 97, 110, 130, 139, 163, 164, 165, 206, 221, 270, 287, 350, 362–70, 370, 371, 373, 375, 376, 378, 379, 383, 384, 390, 391, 392, 394, 400, 420, 421, 427, 430, 431, 438, 442, 443, 445, 452

arguments against connections to Hitler and National Socialism, 362, 365, 369, 370

basic rule of life, 366

connections to National Socialism and Hitler, 362–69

consistency with Haeckel’s ideas, 390–94

devoid of moral imperatives to protect the Jews, 451–52

same spirit of the insignificance of individual humans persists today, 374, 379

understanding humans through study of insects, 375

Dawkins, Richard, 385, 387, 438

Der Schwarze Corps, 104

Descartes, 237, 238

divine revelation unnecessary, 237

first modern philosopher, 237

wisdom within the self, 237

Descent of Man, The, Charles Darwin, 364, 394

Dictionnaire philosophique, Voltaire, 239

Diderot, 239

Diederichs, Eugen, 295, 296

Dietrich, Dr., 198

Dinter, Artur, 335

E

Ecce Homo, Friedrich Nietzsche, 400

Eckart, Dietrich, 126, 247, 335

Eichmann, Adolf, 25, 181, 252, 280

Eight Orations Against the Jews, 63

Emperor Frederic I, 61

Emperor Henry IV, 60

Enabling Bill of 1933, 169

End of Faith, The, Sam Harris, 446, 447

Engelmann, Bernt, 104, 171, 173

Enlightenment, 10, 80, 99, 108, 111, 139, 164, 234, 237–43, 245, 265, 276, 282, 284, 305, 306, 316, 340, 347, 370, 429, 434, 440, 442, 445, See also Kant, Immanuel

appealed to the modern, liberal, and secular sectors of society, 14

Descartes, 237

elevated reason and rejected revelation, 198

gave birth to destructive false philosophies, 18

Holocaust consistent with Enlightenment thought, 251

Kant, 245

led to churches abandoning basic doctrines, 80, 198

nation began to assume quasi-religious importance, 81

turning away from traditional religion was one of the most essential characteristics of, 98

Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1853-55), Arthur de Gobineau, 284

Eternity, Ernst Haeckel, 375, 376, 381

eugenics, 100, 369, 379, 383, 388

euthanasia, 9, 175–76, 204, 209, 246, 378, 379, 438

Evans, Richard, 3, 13, 77, 107, 159, 162, 164, 222, 253, 333, 378, 395

Explaining Hitler, Ron Rosenbaum, 227

F

Faith Movement of German Christians, 196

19th century science superior to biblical revelation, 201

considered original sin an insult to the Aryan, 197

cross redefined as sacrifice for National Socialism, 197

National Socialism a continuation of Protestant Reformation, 198

saw Jesus as Aryan, 197

saw main task as being Germans, 197

totally abandoned scripture, 197

Faulhaber, Cardinal, 153, 202

Federation for a German Church, 196

Feuerbach, 131, 309, 316

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 10, 76, 88, 117, 155, 157, 201, 229, 239, 243, 244, 253–55, 255, 258–67, 268, 270, 271, 272, 276, 279, 284, 288, 289, 291, 293, 304, 307, 323, 334, 347, 390, 440

advocated German racial purity, 263

Eighth Address, 263

eternal life exists for fatherland, not individuals, 260

freedom exists in being German, 261

German supremacy, 260

Jews an alien and contaminating body, 264

thought only solution was to return Jews to their promised land, 264

love for the fatherland to be above all, 263

Thirteenth Address, 264

Twelfth Address, 263

Final Solution, 113, 181, 210, 222

Fischer, Eugen, 287

Folkish Ideology, 10, 80, 98–100, 136, 164, 229, 239, 243, 272, 280, 287–96, 304, 309, 317, 334, 336, 339, 341, 350, 362, 369, 370, 375, 383, 384, 386, 389, 422, 440, 441, See also Wagner, Richard

and German romanticism, 292

core emphasis, 287

led to emphasis on purifying and unifying the Folk, 306

foundational to Naziism, 288

founders

Julius Langbehn, 288

Paul de Lagarde, 288

opposed to traditional (biblical) Christianity, 295, 296

Pan-German Association, 294

penetrated the highest levels of German culture, 321

predecessor to National Socialism, 243, 288

strengthening of, 292–93

supremacy of blond Aryans a common theme, 422

Folkish Ideology and National Socialism

a result of elevating human reason, 438, 439

summary of major philosophic themes leading to, 440–42

Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, The,  Houston Stewart Chamberlain, 334, 335

brief summary of, 334

popular reading material, 335

praised as Nazi gospel, 335

Frank, Hans, 278

Frank, Walter S., 135, 235, 256, 323, 324

Adolf Hitler:  The Making of a Fuhrer (Who was Responsible?), 235, 324

Freedom in Science and Teaching, Ernst Haeckel, 372

French Huguenots, 221

French rationalism, 306, 317

French Revolution, 238, 240, 452

Friedländer, Saul, 172, 221, 425

The Years of Extermination:  Nazi Germany and the Jews, 207, 425

Fries, Jakob, 276

Fritsch, Theodor, 421, 434

From Darwin to Hitler:  Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany, Richard Weikart, 2, 49, 373, 421

Fuhrer concept, 58, 118, 136, 143, 147, 148, 187, 188, 199, 269, 295, 308, 324, 390

opposed to scripture, 7

G

Galen, Bishop, 175, 182, 186, 188

Gasman, Daniel, 2, 12, 110, 293, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 376, 383, 384, 388, 389

Gasperi, Alcide de, 59, 275

German anti-Semitism, 54, 76, 82, 243, 270

included hostility for having introduced Christianity, 380

prior to Darwin was not biologically based, 364

German Catholic Bishops, 182

German Christians, 2, 8, 9, 44, 80, 113, 130, 135, 138, 151, 158, 162, 171, 172, 190, 196, 197, 201, 208, 215, 216, 451, See also Prussian Union of the Confessing Church

Bible contains poetical and moral truth, 201

Faith Movement of German Christians, 196–99, See also Germanic Christianity

persecution of, 135

politicization of the German church, 77

reasons for lack of opposition to Hitler and Naziism, 214

German Communist Party, 164, 166, 167, 170

repeatedly attempted to seize power, 167

German Diet, 268

German Essays, Paul de Lagarde, 290

German Evangelical Churches, 182

German Faith Movement, 193

German Idealism and the Jew:  The Inner Anti-Semitism of Philosophy and German Jewish Responses, Professor Michael Mack, 2, 245

German romanticism, 49, 291–92, 306

German support for Hitler See also Hitler and politics

enthusiasm for future defeat by Allied invaders, 167

in 1932 Germans became powerless to oppose, 166

lack of enthusiasm for war, 167

mass demonstration against Hitler by labor, 166

nearly two-thirds voted against, 165

never received a majority in a free election, 165

opposition from German communists, 166

German Volkdom, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, 269

Germanic Christianity, 22, 116, 148, 151, 162, 179, 183, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196–202, 209, 311, 334, 335, 350, See also Positive Christianity

advocated purging all teachings of the Apostle Paul, 22

defined, 147

origin in Folkish Ideology, 289

Germany

not a Christian nation, 163–65

Gestapo, 122, 124, 143, 172, 173, 175, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 189, 194, 195, 200, 211

Gilbert, Martin, 83, 133, 204, 205, 439

The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, 83, 133, 206

Gobineau Society, 286, 295

Gobineau, Arthur de, 10, 81, 88, 97, 99, 258, 284–87, 306, 307, 313, 336, 339, 340, 374, 390, 422

Aryans are aristocracy, 285

Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1853-55), 284

racial purity, 284

white supremacy, 285

God

Hitler’s concept of, 111

Goebbels, Joseph, 118, 119, 143, 145, 175, 182, 186, 206, 212, 220, 323, 335, 422, 425

Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 105, 119, 128, 143, 145, 146, 149, 180, 186, 212

Goethe, 163, 259, 336, 345, 347, 358, 359, 373, 374

Goldberg, Jonah, 379, 446

Liberal Fascism:  The Secret History of the American Left from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning, 379

Goldhagen, Daniel, 20

Hitler’s Willing Executioners:  Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, 20

Grant, Madison, 379

The Passing of the Great Race, 379

Gregory of Nyssa, 63

Greiser, Arthur, 123

Grueber, Pastor, 205

Guevara, Che, 446

Gurlitt, Ludwig, 296

H

Haeckel, Ernst, 10, 12, 49, 110, 111, 127, 139, 149, 155, 163, 252, 258, 287, 288, 292, 318, 362–95, 402, 420, 421, 422, 429

advocated euthanasia, 378–80

earliest significant German advocate, 378

anti-Semitism, 380–81

Jewish evolution very advanced, 381

Jews to be blamed for Christian influence on society, 380

nationally and racially motivated, 380

recommended assimilation, 380

believed in spontaneous generation as a common occurrence, 382

Catholicism bankrupt, 371

committed to Darwinism, 371

authoritarianism, 375–77

became known as Germany’s leading apologist for Darwinism, 370

death normal, 373

extermination of primitive races merely evolution, 372

primitive races more like dogs than people, 373

racism, 373–75

some animals higher than some people in development, 374

extermination of the useless, 373

human life no special value, 372

ideas coincide with Schopenhauer, 372

infanticide natural, 373

Jews very highly developed, therefore especially dangerous, 381

man merely animal, 372

no higher law than evolution, 371

no moral laws, 372, 374

placed the concept of survival-of-the-fittest at national and racial levels, 372

sought to deduce implications for human life, 371

struggle for existence basic law of life, 372

committed to the sovereignty of human reason, 370

concept of God, 381

condemned by some contemporaries for his views, 382

cosmos was an organism united by, 382

denied free-will, 372

doctrine of eternal recurrence, 382

elevated racism from mere Folkish philosophy to scientific fact, 375

Eternity, 375, 376, 381

ethics, 377–78

Freedom in Science and Teaching, 372

Golden Rule

applied to those united in and useful to the Darwinistic struggle, 377

preceded Christiantiy, 377

hope for future lay in scientific knowledge, 371

ideas consistent with Darwinism, 390–94

immortal soul a superstition, 372

modern Western society sick and unhealthy, 422

Monism as Connecting Religion and Science:  The Confession of Faith of a Man of Science, 381

not expelled from Free Evangelical Church despite repudiation of Christianity, 371

on Christ, 370–71

on the Bible

Gospels forged manuscripts, 370

Protestantism a lie, 371

racial purity, 374

similarity to Hitler, 383–89

some of his books best-sellers, 371

The History of Creation, 370, 374

The Riddle of the Universe, 370, 377, 380, 382

Wonders of Life, 373, 374

Hallie, Philip, 221

Handbuch des Judentums, Heinrich von Treitschke, 252

Harnack, Adolf von, 198, 359

Harris, Sam, 387, 438, 446, 447, 448, 449

The End of Faith, 446, 447

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 10, 58, 77, 99, 109, 110, 127, 155, 163, 201, 229, 243, 244, 252, 254, 258, 265, 270, 279, 280, 282, 284, 287, 288, 289, 291, 293, 304, 307, 347, 355, 366, 368, 390, 411, 436, 440, 441

a Christian?, 276, See also Christian, what is a?

concepts of government, 58, 59

advocated worship of the state, 275

German supremacy, 276

Germans new chosen people, 272

god as World Spirit directing human progression, 272, 273

individual suffering meaningless, 273

Jews obselete, 278

war good and necessary, 271, 277

worth of man comes through the state, 274

Heine, Heinrich, 267, 268, 267–68, 268, 412

On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany, 267

Henry VIII, 77

Henry, Matthew, 7, 36–38, 54, 85, 88

Hep riots, 14, 58

causes, 14

governmental opposition to, 14

supporters of, 14

Herder, Johann von, 260, 263, 336, 339, 347

Hess, Rudolf, 120, 121, 179, 180, 181, 192, 203

Heydrich, Reinhard, 171, 180

Himmler:  Reichsfuhrer-SS, Peter Padfield, 407

Himmler, Heinrich, 105, 123, 125, 145, 148, 176, 180, 181, 184, 186, 212, 242, 253, 282, 320, 335, 357, 385, 407, 413, 419, 425, 430

attracted to Hinduism and the caste system, 407

Hindenburg, President, 102, 113, 165, 166, 177, 192

Hippolytus, 63

History of Biology, Erik Nordenskiold, 382

History of Creation, The, Ernst Haeckel, 370, 374

Hitler

an internationalist, 403

as a Christian, 8, 112, 152–58

Catholicism, 102–5

Christian artwork, 134

hostile to missions, 100, 140

intolerance of Christianity, 101

lack of Christian doctrines, 93–94

preferred Islam over Christianity for warlike principles, 422

professions of Christianity, 102, 105, 106, 107

references to God, 109–12

references to the Bible, 106, 112

rejection of biblical governing, 98

rejection of creation, 99

rejection of the Old Testament, 96–97

statements of support for the church, 112–14, See also Concordat with the Vatican

unbiblical principals, 94–100

view of Christianity’s greatness, 100

Communism linked to Christianity, 425–27

Darwin

arguments against connections to Darwinism, 362, 365

deeply hostile to capitalism, 326

defined idealism as subordination of the self to the group, 249

development

anti-Semitism, 328–30

elimination of Jews a stated goal by 1919, 328

as a youth, 234–37, 247, 266–67

Rienzi, 323–25

avid reader, 253–58

selective reading habits, 254

believed himself to be the agent of a higher power, 265–66

Chamberlain, 334–35, See also Chamberlain, Houston Stewart

concept of socialism and ideal state, 326–28

Darwin, 366–69, See also Darwin, Charles, See also Darwinism

Fichte, 253–55, 258–67, See also Fichte, Johann Gottlieb

Folkish Ideology, 287–96

Gobineau, 284–87, See also Gobineau, Arthur de

Haeckel, 383–89, See also Haeckel, Ersnt

Hegel. See also Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

ideology, National Socialism

meaning of life and immortality exist in the nation, 261

Jahn, 268–71, See also Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig

Kant, 244–53, See also Kant, Immanuel

Lagarde. See also Lagarde, Paul de

Langbehn, 293–94, See also Langbehn, Julius

Nietzsche, 422–27, See also Nietzsche, Friedrich

Schopenhauer. See also Schopenhauer, Arthur

Wagner. See also Wagner, Richard

Wagner circle, 321–22

distortions of Christianity, 105–6

Hitler’s Table Talk. See Hitler’s Table Talk

ideological origins, 5, 429–31, See also Hitler:development

had a developed worldview as the basis of his actions, 235

instrument of Satan, 16–18

Jewish selfishness destroys civilization, 248

last will and testament, 109

main goals, 102

Mein Kampf. See Mein Kampf

methodical liar, 102, 112–14, 114, 167–70

principles of our existence, 94–96

racial purity, 81, 97, 99, 100

study notes on the Bible, 48–49

Hitler and politics, 165–69

1922 minor figure embracing Christian rhetoric, 106, 107, 108

1930 Nazi party victory, 165

1932 election loss, 165

1933 Nazi party loss, 165, 166

Beer Hall Putsch, 75, 168, 335

hailed by Chamberlain as chosen by God to save Germany, 335

moderated image after, 168

campaigning as a supporter of the church, 112, 113

Chancellor by appointment, 165

limitations of power, 166

opposition to, 166

condemned Marxist atheism, 402

from limited Chancellor to unlimited dictator, 166, 169

misleading rhetoric, 179

influence of the churches, 170, See also Hitler and the churches

never received majority vote, 165

religious right?, 428–29

repeatedly promised in the 1930′s not to harm the Jews, 169

use of force to prevent opposition, 170–72

Hitler and the churches, 125, 170–215, 215–22

disagreement amongst leadership, 179–82

main avenues of attack, 179

administrative control, 27, 182–86

ideological challenge, 186–88

persecution, 188–90, See also persecution of the church

policy changes over time, 176, 178, 179

positive statements towards, 112, 113, 114

reluctance towards wholesale persecution, 182, 208

Hitler and the Holocaust:  How and Why the Holocaust Happened, Robert Wistrich, 425

Hitler Speaks, Hermann Rauschning, 323

Hitler Youth, 146, 187, 192

“Hitler’s Christianity,” Jim Walker, 3, 8, 47, 125-155, 402

main assertions, 126

bias, 130-132

ignorance of historical information, 132-135

distorted logic, 135-138

misstatements of fact, 138-141

Nazi photos used to prove connections to Christianity, 147-151

Nazi religious art, 151-152

ignorance of biblical Christianity, 152-157

Hitler’s Ethic: The Nazi Pursuit of Evolutionary Progress, Richard Weikart, 363

Hitler’s library, 253, 255, 290

Hitler’s Table Talk, 81, 141, 142, 143, 144, 141–46, 186, 249, 252, 279, 335, 368, 369, 387, 388, 422, 424, 425

and Darwinism, 368–69

Hitler’s Willing Executioners:  Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, Daniel Goldhagen, 20

Hoess, Rudolf, 146, 147, 227, 285, 384

Hoffmann, Heinrich, The Hitler No One Knows:  100 Pictures of the Life of the Fuhrer, 127, 149

Hollingdale, R.J., 404

Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, The, Martin Gilbert, 83

Holocaust in Historical Context, The, Steven Katz, 28–43, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 69, 71, 89

main points, 29–30

refutation, 30–43

Holy Reich, The, Richard Steigmann-Gall, 3, 4, 22, 23, 27, 28, 79, 80, 107, 116, 117, 118, 145, 186, 192, 258, 272, 291, 311, 314, 315, 335, 340

oblivious to German secular anti-semitism, 117

Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, 60

I

Ibrahim, Raymond, 442

Innitzer, Cardinal, 121, 122

Innocent III, 62

Innocent IV, 62

Inquisition, 7, 11, 18, 34, 42, 43, 50, 55, 60, 146, 285

Islamic extremism and National Socialism, 442–43

J

Jaeger, August, 183

Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig, 10, 76, 268–71, 288, 307

advocated the use of popular education to instill German values into youths, 270

anti-Semitism, 271

not racial, 270

book burning, 268

called for all Germanic people to be united in one nation disregarding traditional borders, 269

credited with inventing the term, 271

eternity of the folk (German people), 269

German Volkdom, 269

racial purity, 269

the Germanic peoples should be led by a Fuhrer, 269

Jan, Pastor Julius von, 133, 143, 173–75, 205, 296

Jefferson, Thomas, 132, 144, 238, 239, 245, 355

abhorred religious intolerance, 239

called self Christian, 239

found Jews repulsive because he found the Old Testament repulsive, 238

Jesus only a moralist, 238

Jehovah’s Witnesses

consistently opposed Hitler, 190

Jesus

Hitler’s distortions of, 105–6, 108–9, 118, 120

Jewish boycott of 1933, 206

Jewish response to Nazi Germany

American, 172

French, 172

German, 172

Jews

a secular history, 341–44

Johnson, Paul, 144, 163, 239, 287

Judaistic Utilism, 316

Juden Ordnung, 295

Just, Dieter, 243, 288

K

Kaiser Wilhelm Society, 162

Kant, Immanuel, 2, 10, 81, 88, 117, 199, 201, 229, 237, 244–53, 254, 258, 263, 272, 279, 284, 288, 290, 291, 316, 334, 336, 345, 347, 348, 355, 359, 373, 390, 411, 418, 425, 440, 441

anti-Semitism

foundational to modern secular anti-Semitism, 245

called greatest philosopher of the Enlightenment, 245

concept of “race” did not include pseudobiological ideas, 250

elevation of human reason, 246

Enlightenment philosopher, 108

Judaism an obstacle to progress, 246

Judaism would die by virtue of human reason, 246

nature is concerned with the human species, not individuals, 274

Physical Geography, 250

rejected the Old Testament, 246

Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, 246

saw Judaism as materialistic, 247

white supremacist, 250

Katz, Steven, 28, 29, 30, 32, 38, 39, 40, 41

New Testament inaccurate, 29

Paul invented message, 29

teaching that to be a Jew spiritually one must have Christ a result of hostility, not revelation, 29

The Holocaust in Historical Context. See under Holocaust in Historical Context, The, Steven Katz

Kerrl, Hans, 25, 184, 185, 186, 220

Kersten, Felix, 148

King Frederick William III

politicization of the German church, 77

King Stephen of England, 60

Klausener, Erich, 105

Klemperer, Victor, 20, 206

Kloetzel, Pastor, 173

Koch, Erich, 27, 28

Kostomarov, Nikolai, 232

Kristallnacht (Crystal Night), 133, 173, 200, 205, 296

Kubizek, August, 235, 236, 257, 323, 324

The Young Hitler I Knew, 235

Kulisz, Karol, 125

L

Labor Corps, 192

Lagarde, Paul de, 10, 88, 198, 260, 288–90, 293, 294, 320, 323, 334, 335, 339, 347, 354, 422

anti-Semitism, 289

advocated extermination, 290

Jews a danger, 290

founder of Folkish Ideology, 288

German Essays, 290

German purity to be preserved, 289

origin of Germanic Christianity, 289

self-fulfillment to be found in the Folk, 289

vital cosmic force manifested in German nation, 289

Lammers, Hans, State Secretary, 206, 207

Langbehn, Julius, 10, 88, 260, 288, 293–94, 294, 320, 334, 339, 347

Folk needs to be purified of alien elements, 294

Folk take the place of Christ, 293

founder of Folkish Ideology, 293

fulfillment to be found in the Folk, 293

Jews ultimate focus of evil, 293

life spirit of cosmos operates through the Folk, 293

Rembrandt as Educator, 293

Le Chambon, 221

Leibniz, 258

Lenin, 11, 46, 76, 77, 117, 167, 178, 287, 357, 365, 402, 423, 427, 428, 429, 436, 437, 446, 447, 448

lessons to be learned

a need for higher meaning, 439–40

clarity of vision and the will to carry it out, 435–36

the frailty of human reason, 438

the importance of philosophy, 440–42

the limits of Darwinian morality, 451–52

the reality of evil, 439

utopias, 436–38

Lest Innocent Blood Be Shed: The Story of the Village of Le Chambon and How Goodness Happened There, Philip Hallie, 221

Levi, Primo, 435, 438

Ley, Robert, 114, 425

Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning, Jonah Goldberg, 446

Liberal secularism and National Socialism, 443–49

Library of Congress, 253

Lichtenberg, Provost, 205

Liebenfels, Lanz von, 434

Lietz, Hermann, 296

List, Guido von, 434

Longchamp, William de, 61

Louis IX of France, 61

Louis VII of France, 61

Ludendorff, General, 107, 113

anti-Christian rhetoric disastrous for his political career, 107

Lueger, Karl, 120, 139, 140

Luther, Martin, 1, 7, 11, 14, 53, 54, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 66–84, 84, 87, 88, 90, 91, 98, 129, 144, 163, 167, 193, 194, 197, 198, 204, 205, 209, 239, 241, 247, 251, 276, 288, 296, 299, 300, 311, 319, 336, 339, 359, 424, 441, 457

See 95 Theses, Martin Luther

advocated expulsion of the Jews, 68

angry at the Jewish response to Christianity, 71–72

Bondage of the Will. See Bondage of the Will, Martin Luther

charges against

coarse, brutal, and vulgar, 75, 76

hater of the Jews, 74

source of German submission to Hitler, 76

deepest desire for the Jews was conversion, 69

founder of Protestantism, 67

goals, 84–85

Henry VIII

rejected Luther and set up his own state church, 77

main emphases, 67

On the Jews and Their Lies, 68, 69, 70, 78, 319, 359

Luther’s Biblical concept of self, 81

on the role of government, 76–78, 76–78

derived from Romans, 77

only major Protestant to write hostile comments about the Jews, 239

showed compassion for old and sick Jews, 69

statements about Jews came towards the end of his life, 67

wrote that Christians are at fault for not slaying the Jews, 70

never acted on this, 70

M

Mack, Professor Michael, 2, 245, 247, 250

German Idealism and the Jew:  The Inner Anti-Semitism of Philosophy and German Jewish Responses. 2, 245

Kant, 245

Maglione, Cardinal (Papal Secretary of State ), 124

Man of Destiny, 273, 322, 324, 390

Manheim, Ralph, 13, 304

Mann, Thomas, 163, 314

Mao, 11, 46, 77, 110, 133, 134, 144, 147, 167, 178, 190, 205, 326, 357, 388, 402, 423, 427, 436, 446, 448

Marr, Wilhelm, 338, 411

Martin Bormann

concept of God, 110

Martin Luther. See under Luther, Martin

Marx, Karl, 80, 131, 286, 287, 309, 326, 327, 356, 357, 365, 368, 431, 436

McGrath, Alister, 244

Mein Kampf, 7, 8, 13, 48–49, 56, 81, 88, 94–98, 100, 101, 104, 108, 111, 119, 135, 136, 139, 140, 150, 179, 180, 203, 204, 211, 214, 245, 248–49, 254, 255, 257, 258, 266, 269, 272, 278–84, 284–87, 288, 295, 304, 308, 316, 322, 324, 326, 327, 334, 336, 355, 358, 362, 366, 367, 368, 382, 384, 385, 388, 393, 394, 416, 426, 441

and Darwinism, 366–68

natural selection as essential to the development of life, 366

Christ in, 108–9

Folkish Ideology, 98–100

reference to Luther, 81

reflecting Chamberlain, 334

reflecting Gobineau, 284–87

reflecting Kant, 248–49

relevance for today, 442

Will, 280–81

Memoirs of a Confidant, Otto Wagener, 145–46, 148

Mencken, H.L., 412, 421

Mengele, Joseph, 381

Metapolitics:  The Roots of the Nazi Mind, Peter Viereck, 326–30

Metternich, 271

Meyer-Erlach, Wolf, 187

Michael, Prof. Robert, 210

Middle Ages, 7, 26, 34, 40, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 71, 268, 418 See also Christian:anti-Semitism:medieval

Jewish prosperity, 55

Ministry of Church Affairs, 184

Ministry of Justice, 185

Moltmann, Ludwig, 287

Monism as Connecting Religion and Science:  The Confession of Faith of a Man of Science, Ernst Haeckel, 381

Moravian Brethren, 242

Mosse, George, 2, 80, 92, 230, 250, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 304, 308, 320, 362, 366

The Crisis of German Ideology. See Crisis of German Ideology, The, Prof. Mosse

Mueller, Ludwig (Reich Bishop), 147, 182, 183, 191, 192

Mussolini, 83, 204, 233, 429, 446

Myth of the Twentieth Century, The, Alfred Rosenberg, 177, 204, 269, 358

N

Napoleon, 76, 110, 240, 241, 242, 246, 255, 270, 271, 273, 288, 317, 347, 441

and Hitler, comparison, 240–42

National Evangelical Church, 182

National Socialism, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 14–51, 82, 92, 95, 98, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 141, 151, 162, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 193, 194, 198, 203, 227–96, 304, 313, 321, 334, 335, 362, 366, 369, 370, 383, 386, 427, 429, 434, 435, 440, 443, See also Folkish Ideology

a nation has its own nature and man must align with it, 262

a new faith, 177

and Folkish Ideology

summary of major philosophic themes leading to, 440–42

and Islamic extremism, 442–43

and liberal secularism, 444, 445, 443–49

and modern technology, 230–32

arguments against connections to Darwinism, 362, 365

believed a continuation of Luther’s Reformation, 80

Bormann, 181, 386

Catholic response, 141, 202, 203

Chamberlain, 335, 345, 346, 357

liberal Protestant influence, 340

compatible with Positive Christianity, 116

connections to Darwinism, 362–69

distinctly German concept, 230

Germanic Christians, 196, 197, 198, See also Faith Movement of German Christians

Hitler believed was incompatible with Christianity, 186

ideological origins summarized, 429–31

incompatible with scripture, 117, 211, 214

lie of the devil, 17–18

major themes from Enlightenment philosophies which influenced, 440

meant to dominate the churches, 182

Nietzsche, 412, 421, 429

not sufficiently opposed within the church, 9, 170, 191, 208, 216, See also Barmen Declaration, See also persecution of the church

parallels with Communism, 427–29, 445

presumes man’s independence from God, 350

propagandized, 186, 190

sources, 10

to be reflected in all aspects of life, 123

Wagner, 304, 312, 315, 316

National Socialist Teachers League, 286

Nazi anti-Semitism, 56. See also National Socialism. See also German anti-Semitism

conventional secular explanations for the cruelty of, 20

Nazi death camps, 56

Nazi Gauleiters, 27, 120, 124, 180, 181, 192, 335

Nazi Minister of Church Affairs, 103

Nazi party platform, 115–18

Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933-1945, The

Professor John Conway, 2, 9, 103

Nazi policies towards churches. See also persecution of the church, See also Hitler and the churches

Austria, 121–22

Poland, 123–25

given Hitler’s personal approval, 123

separation of church and state, 123

Naziism

and eugenics, 369

key points used to link to Christianity, 5

biblical teachings. See biblical teaching and the Jews, See biblical concept of death, See biblical concept of government, See biblical concept of freedom, See biblical concept of man, See biblical concept of man

Christian anti-semites. See Luther, Martin, See Chrysostom, John, See Christian, anti-Semitism

Hitler’s supporters. See Germanic Christianity, See Christian:support of Hitler’s policies

medieval persecution of the Jews by the church, 53, See Christian:anti-Semitism:medieval

statements by Hitler. See Hitler

Niemoller, Martin, 144, 169–70, 184, 185, 191, 209–12

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 10, 21, 32, 75, 101, 155, 163, 181, 229, 249, 252, 258, 279, 281, 282, 288, 304, 311, 314, 315, 318, 323, 335, 380, 381, 399–431, 441

a biological racist, 413, 422, 423

Antichrist:  Curse on Christianity, The, 21, 32, 101, 143, 151, 311, 399, 400, 403–4, 407, 412, 414, 417, 418, 420, 421, 422, 424, 430, 431

anti-Semitism

condemned Christian anti-Semitism, 403, 411, 424

Jews infected Western civilization through Christianity, 402

any philosopher seeing a moral order to the universe was infected with Jewish principles, 411

approved of certain types of anti-Semitism, 402–3

argued for the necessity of slavery, 407

believed a great part of the Bible had been falsified by the Jews, 410

believed in sub-humans who deserved destruction, 407

Beyond Good and Evil, 410, 413, 416, 421

called the most influential thinker of our time, 399

Christ

rebel against the status quo, 414

teachings distorted by apostles, 414

condemned German superiority, 403, 413

contrasted with Hitler, 401

delusions, 412

did not object to all theism, 401

spoke favorably of Greek polytheism, 402

spoke favorably of Hinduism, 402, 407

spoke favorably of Islam, 402

spoke favorably of original Jewish concept, 402, 409, 412

Ecce Homo, 400

elitist who disliked left-wing socialism, 403

Eight Orations Against the Jews, 63

emphasis on self, 399

ideas embedded deeply in Western society, 400

ignorance of or contempt for common human feelings, 413

Jewish historical understanding identical to Nietzsche, 410

links to Hitler, 424–27

(historic) Christianity is false, harmful, and bad, 404

advocated extermination of the weak, 400, 407

Aryan master race, 422, 423

Christianity is essentially Jewish, 404

despised kindness, pity, and mercy as weak, 400

ideas on Judaism and Christianity closely related, 404

Jews devised Christianity to weaken stronger peoples, 404

visited Nietzsche archives, 403

On the Genealogy of Morals, 402, 404, 422, 425

on the Jews, 408–13

approved of some Jews, 413

Old Testament devised to enslave the people, 75

Pontius Pilate only New Testament figure worthy of honor, 413

praised caste system, 403

presented as apostle of radical personal freedom, 407

proponents of not destined to be Nazi’s, 400

publisher of books with ideas identical to Naziism, 401

rightness imputed by pleasure derived, 399

sister alleged to have altered works, 401

strongly opposed to Christianity, 402, 404, 405, 406, 408, 410, 422

equality of souls, 407, 423

The Antichrist:  Curse on Christianity, 75

violent dominance is a virtue, 422

virtue to be an invention of the self, 399

Nordenskiold, Erik, 382

History of Biology

dismisses the worth of Haeckel’s book, 382

Nuremberg Racial Laws, 6, 44, 47–48, 207, 295

O

On the Genealogy of Morals, Friedrich Nietzsche, 402, 404, 422, 425

On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany, Heinrich Heine, 267

On the World Soul, Schelling, 259

Orenstein, Phil, 276

Origin of Species, The, Charles Darwin, 394

orphans under Hitler, 121, 176

Ozment, Steven, 83, 84

P

Padfield, Peter, 242, 407

Paine, Thomas, 431

Pan-German Association, 120, 160, 178, 294–95

commended by Hitler, 295

Folkish Ideology, 294

Papal encyclical

Mit Brennender Sorge, 203

Papal Nuncio, 104, 182

Papen, Franz von, 105

Parsifal, Richard Wagner, 314, 411

Pascal’s Fire:  Scientific Faith and Religious Understanding, Keith Ward, 375

Passing of the Great Race, Madison Grant, 379

Paulsen, Friedrich, 382

persecution of the church, 118–19, 174, See also Christian, opposition to Hitler’s policies

assualt, 133

banning of publications, 103, 104, 121, 204

Blood Purge, 105, See also Blood Purge

cancellation of salaries, 185

closing of hospitals, 104

closing of orphanages, 121

closing of schools, 104, 121, 122, 124, 185

confiscation of church properties, 103–4, 121, 122, 123, 185

contacts with Vatican forbidden, 123

dissolution of religious groups, 121

expulsion, 122, 123, 124, 185

forced labor, 124

incarceration, 103, 104, 122, 124, 133, 173, 183, 185, 205

indoctrination of youths, 220

legal status revoked, 121, 183

murder, 105, 123, 124

negative propaganda, 104, 121, 122, 183, 220

restriction of ministries, 121, 123, 124, 185

restriction of religious observation, 122, 124

membership forbidden for Nazi party members, 124

membership forbidden for school teachers, 124

membership forbidden if under the age of 21, 124

Physical Geography, Immanuel Kant, 250

Pietists, 80, 242, 258

Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan, 266

Plato, 199, 402, 423, 438

pogroms, 5, 7, 17, 18, 30, 33, 43, 50, 54, 55, 85, 169, 173, 200, 205, 210, 296, 320, 412

Polish churches

Nazi policies towards, 123–25

Pope, 61, 83, 103, 104, 136, 141, 144, 183, 203, 204, 412, 424, 451

Popp, Mr. and Mrs., 256, 257

Positive Christianity, 2, 115, 116, 117, 138, 176, 177, 178, 181, 184, 195, 289, See also Germanic Christianity

is one purged of Jewish elements, 116, 181

is one totally submissive to Naziism, 116, 195

Presuppositions

the reality of evil and humanity’s sinful nature, 439

Presuppositions in historical interpretation, 11, 57, 451

original sin, 19–22

Preysing, Bishop, 176

Protestant writers and the Jews, 83

Prussian Union of the Confessing Church, 143, 173, 184, 186, 188, 200, 205, 206, 208, 359

Barmen Declaration, 193–96

what was the?, 173

Pugachev, Emelian, 232

R

Race and Nation, H. S. Chamberlain, 335

Rauschning, Hermann, 145, 323

Hitler Speaks, 323

Razin, Stenka, 232

Reformation, 7, 12, 14, 28, 67, 70, 73, 74, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88, 191, 193, 198, 242, 250, 251, 263, 276, 296, 359, 418, 423

Reich and Prussian Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs, 184

Reich Bishop, 182, 183, 191, 192

Reich Chancellery, 140, 206, 207

Reich Minister of Religion, Hans Kerrl, 220, See also Kerrl, Hans

Reich, Wilhelm, 229

Reichsgau Wartheland (the Warthegau), 123–25

Reimer, Josef, 287

Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, Immanuel Kant, 246

Rembrandt as Educator, Julius Langbehn, 293

Richard I of England, 61

Richards, Robert, 373, 375, 380

Riddle of the Universe, The, Ernst Haeckel, 370, 377, 380, 382, 389

Riefenstahl, Leni, 254

Rienzi, 323, 324, 325

inspired Hitler’s Nazi dream, 324

Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, The, William Shirer, 77, 98, 271

Ritschl, Albrecht, 198

Roehm, Ernst, 102, 115, 116, 159, 322

Rose, Paul, 18, 51, 87, 240, 285

Rose, Paul Lawrence, 2, 91, 246, 297, 298, 304, 330, 331, 395, 430, 432

Rosenbaum, Ron, 227

Explaining Hitler, 227

Rosenberg, Alfred, 173, 176, 177, 178, 177–78, 182, 184, 186, 196, 197, 204, 269, 335, 358, 422

The Myth of the Twentieth Century, 177, 204, 269, 358

Rousseau, 240, 297, 298, 331, 433, 459

emphasized feeling and passion, 240

general welfare of state greater in importance than individual life, 241

influened Kant, Fichte, and Hegel, 240

Rousseau, 240

Ruhs, Friedrich, 276

Russell, Bertrand

parallels Nietzsche’s endorsement of cruelty for the benefit of mankind, 423

Russell, William, 220

Russian Rebels:  1600-1800, Paul Avrich, 232

Russian support of Hitler, 170

Ryback, Timothy, 253, 254, 255, 257, 278, 290

S

SA (Sturmabteilung, storm troopers, Brownshirts), 101, 119, 122, 138, 145, 147, 148, 162, 171, 190, 192, 196, 197, 270, 440

Sachsenhausen. See under concentration camps, Sachsenhausen

Schallmeyer, Wilhelm, 379

Schelling

On the World Soul, 259

Schemann, Ludwig, 286, 287

Schemm, Hans, 286

Schirach, Baldur von, 146

Schleicher, Kurt von, 165

Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 198, 199, 291

Schmitz, Elisabeth, 205

Schonerer, Georg von, 120, 160, 178, 295, 385, 390

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 81, 117, 163, 243, 249, 258, 272, 288, 291, 304, 305, 309, 311, 312, 313, 336, 347, 356, 372, 381, 390, 425, 429

expanded and radicalized Kant’s ideas, 283

individual has no value, 282

Jews aliens and parasites, 283

Judaism to be destroyed through assimilation, 284

life pointless, 284

man merely advanced animal, 283

quoted in Mein Kampf, 279

Schopenhauerian Christianity, 284, 311

blamed Christianity on the Jews, 283

The World as Will and Representation, 278, 312

ultimate Will, 280

SD (Sicherheitsdienst, Security Service), 171, See also Heydrich, Reinhard

Sebottendorff, Rudolf von, 434

Second Book, Hitler, 224, 258, 279, 301, 361, 395, 397, 426, 433

Security Service. See under SD (Sicherheitsdienst, Security Service)

Shirer, William L., 77, 98, 102, 105, 114, 115, 116, 144, 165, 166, 167, 171, 189, 205, 212, 268, 271, 334, 335, 401

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 77

Sicherheitsdienst. See under SD (Sicherheitsdienst, Security Service)

Social Darwinism, 49, 94, 99, 268, 287, 292, 362, 390

Society Against Jewish Domination, 295

Solf, Frau, 171

Spanda, The Secret Diaries, Speer, 324

Spanish Inquisition, 285, See also Inquisition

Speer, 143, 324

Spinoza, 199, 246, 412, 413

SS, 20, 104, 123, 125, 180, 193, 357, 450

Stalin, Joseph, 11, 46, 76, 77, 110, 130, 131, 133, 136, 144, 167, 170, 178, 190, 197, 205, 219, 242, 266, 326, 357, 365, 388, 401, 402, 423, 427, 428, 429, 436, 437, 446, 448

Stalingrad, 261

Steffens, Heinrich, 269

Steigmann-Gall, Richard, 3, 4, 13, 22, 23, 27, 28, 79, 80, 107, 116, 117, 118, 145, 186, 192, 258, 272, 291, 311, 314, 315, 335, 340

Stein, Leo, 169, 210

Stellbrink, Pastor Karl Friedrich, 175

Stephen of Sofia, 221

Stoecker, Adolf, 412

storm troopers. See SA (Sturmabteilung, storm troopers, Brownshirts)

Strasser, Gregor, 320

Streicher, Julius, 44, 47, 129, 152

Swedenborg, cult of, 293

Sylten, Dr., 205

T

textual criticism of the Bible, 199–202, 334, 340, 352, 414

Theune, B., 271

Thule Society, 434

Thuringian German Christians, 196

Toland, John, 295

Toledoth Yeshu, 71

Trachtenberg, Joshua, 62

Trade Unions under Hitler, 114

Treitschke, Heinrich von, 277

Handbuch des Judentums, 252

Triumph of the Will, 326

Trocme, Pastor Andre, 221

V

Vatican, 83, 103, 104, 124, 139, 140, 141, 180, 189, 203, 204

Victory of Judaism over Germanism, The, Wilhelm Marr, 411

Viereck, Peter

criticisms of, 326–30

Viereck, Peter, Metapolitics:  The Roots of the Nazi Mind, 2, 177, 190, 268, 269, 270, 271, 282, 289, 291, 292, 294, 304–7, 308, 309, 315, 318, 322, 323, 324, 362

Voelkischer Beobachter, 107, 335

Voltaire, 238, 239, 240, 359

Dictionnaire philosophique, 239

Vrekham, Georges van, 253, 393

W

Wagener, Otto

Memoirs of a Confidant, 145–46, 148

Wagner circle, 321, See also Bayreuth circle

Hitler on familiar terms with, 321

Wagner, Cosima, 305, 310, 311, 317, 318, 320, 321, 324

Wagner, Richard, 2, 10, 12, 81, 88, 155, 163, 229, 248, 249, 255, 258, 282, 286, 287, 291, 304–30, 334, 335, 336, 339, 345, 347, 356, 362, 375, 380, 390, 403, 410, 411, 414, 417, 418, 422, 423, 430, 441, 443

Aryan supremacy, 305

Christianity, 310–15, See also Christian, What is a?

Jesus as revolutionary, 310

revealed by Schopenhauer, 312

Darwinism, 305

preferred a special origin for Aryans, 305

freedom in unity, 307

Fuhrer principle, 308

hidden power at work in world, 304

combined Schopenhauer with Hegel, 305

Will, 311

Hitler, 321–26

humans merely animals, 305

breeding and selection could advance humanity, 305, 306

ideal Germany farming, feasting, and warring, 317

ideas compared to notable Christians’, 318–19

Jews

believed them all-powerful, 320

believed they sought to rule the world, 319

born enemy of pure humanity, 320

political unity, 307–8

prolific writer

stylistic model for Mein Kampf, 304

racial unity, 306–7

socialism

private property root of many social ills, 308

three contaminants of The German Folk, 306

yearned for the violent destruction of bourgeois society, 309

Wagner, Siegfried, 321

Walker, Jim, “Hitler’s Christianity”.  See under “Hitler’s Christianity,” Jim Walker

Ward, Keith, 375

Pascal’s Fire:  Scientific Faith and Religious Understanding, 375

Weikart, Richard, 2, 12, 49, 363, 373, 376, 378, 383, 389, 393, 394, 421

From Darwin to Hitler:  Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany, 2, 49, 373, 421

Weil, Simon, 12, 310, 311, 312, 316, 318, 319, 320

Weil, Simon:, 311

Weimar Republic, 42, 76, 77, 131, 133, 163, 164, 165, 167, 169, 170, 194, 216, 375

depravity of, 163

Weissler, Dr., 196

Wellhausen, Julius, 198, 199–200, 340

Wesley, John, 109, 318

What’s Left?, Nick Cohen, 442

Wiesel, Elie, 451

Wilhelm II, 171

Wilm, Ernst, 176

Wintzingerode, General, 271

Wistrich, Robert, 172, 288, 425

Hitler and the Holocaust:  How and Why the Holocaust Happened, 425

Wonders of Life, Ernst Haeckel, 373, 374

World as Will and Representation, The, Arthur Schopenhauer, 278, 312

World Spirit, 59, 110, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 278, 282, 293

World War I, 7, 14, 77, 83, 107, 116, 133, 137, 163, 217, 222, 268, 275, 376

Worte Christi (Words of Christ), 255

Wuerttemberg, 173, 183, 206

Wurm, Bishop Theophil, 175, 176, 183, 206, 207, 208

Y

Years of Extermination:  Nazi Germany and the Jews, The, Saul Friedländer, 207, 425

YMCA, 221

Young Hegelians, 309

Young Hitler I Knew, The, August Kubizek, 235

Z

Zinzendorf, Count, 242